You Searched For: ADIPOGEN CORP MS

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Fluorescent intracellular pH indicator in the pH 4-5 range.

Catalog Number: (102978-600)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: TIE-2 acts as cell-surface receptor for ANGPT1, ANGPT2 and ANGPT4 and regulates angiogenesis, endothelial cell survival, proliferation, migration, adhesion and cell spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, but also maintenance of vascular quiescence. It has anti-inflammatory effects by preventing the leakage of proinflammatory plasma proteins and leukocytes from blood vessels. It is required for normal angiogenesis and heart development during embryogenesis and for post-natal hematopoiesis. After birth, it activates or inhibits angiogenesis, depending on the context. It inhibits angiogenesis and promotes vascular stability in quiescent vessels, where endothelial cells have tight contacts. In migrating endothelial cells that lack cell-cell adhesions, ANGT1 recruits TEK to contacts with the extracellular matrix, leading to the formation of focal adhesion complexes, activation of PTK2/FAK and of the downstream kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 and ultimately to the stimulation of sprouting angiogenesis.

Catalog Number: (102979-998)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: HMGB1 was originally discovered as an essential DNA-binding protein for regulating p53, NF-kappaB and other important proteins. It is secreted from activated dentric cells, macrophage and nectrotic cells, and acts as a ligand for RAGE, TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressed on surrounding cells. As a result, HMGB1 activates Rac, CDC42 and NF-kappaB inducing localized innate immunity of damaged tissue, tissue regeneration by recruitment of stem cells and hemostasis by induction of tissue factor expression. HMGB1 is also a causative agent of various diseases as it causes localized inflammation such as arteriosclerosis, chronic rheumatoid arthritis and nephritis. Anti-HMGB1, mAb (recombinant) (Giby-1-4) (Biotin) is an antibody developed by antibody phage display technology using a human naive antibody gene library. These libraries consist of scFv (single chain fragment variable) composed of VH (variable domain of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain) and VL (variable domain of the human immunoglobulin light chain) connected by a polypeptide linker. The antibody fragments are displayed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophage (M13). This scFv was selected by affinity selection on antigen in a process termed panning. Multiple rounds of panning are performed to enrich for antigen-specific scFv-phage. Monoclonal antibodies are subsequently identified by screening after each round of selection. The selected monoclonal scFv is cloned into an appropriate vector containing a Fc portion of interest and then produced in mammalian cells to generate an IgG like scFv-Fc fusion protein.

Catalog Number: (102980-002)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: The inflammatory actions of IL-1alpha and beta depend on their interaction with its receptor, IL-1R1, and can be negatively controlled by several inhibitors such as IL-1Ra, IL-1R type 2 (IL-1R2), SIGIRR and the soluble form of IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-1R2 neutralizes IL-1 either as a surface decoy receptor or in a cleaved and secreted form. IL-1R2 is expressed on B cells, on neutrophils and on in vitro expanded human Tregs.

Catalog Number: (102979-948)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Betatrophin (RIFL; Lipasin; Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8)) is a newly discovered secreted protein of 198 aa that was proposed to promote beta cell proliferation and improve glucose tolerance in mice. Betatrophin may also function in inhibition of lipase activity and on serum triglyceride regulation. Betatrophin is expressed in the liver and in white and brown adipose tissue of mice. In humans, betatrophin is found to be predominantly expressed in the liver. Betatrophin levels are reduced by fasting and are elevated upon insulin resistance and during pregnancy. Betatrophin, according to preliminary data could bind to the macrophage receptor Marco and also to RTN4R, a neuronal receptor. Recently, a study using ANGPTL8 KO mice showed that ANGPTL8/Betatrophin does not play a role in beta cell proliferation nor in glycemic control as previously thought, but regulates plasma triglyceride levels.

Catalog Number: (102979-974)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: alpha-Actinin 4 is an actin-bundling protein of ~100kDa that is associated with cell motility, endocytosis and cancer invasion. The alpha-actinin family comprises two non-muscle isoforms (alpha-actinin-1 and -4) and two skeletal muscle isoforms (alpha-actinin-2 and -3), with alpha-actinin-2 being also expressed in cardiac muscle. While alpha-actinin-4 is almost ubiquitously expressed, particularly high concentrations are found in glomeruli. On the subcellular level it is associated with actin stress fibers, but in certain cells it also localizes to the nucleus. Mutations in the alpha-actinin-4 gene cause an autosomal-dominant form of familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which is thought to result from a defect in glomerular podocyte function. A point mutation in the alpha-actinin-4 gene was found to generate an antigenic peptide that is recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) on a human lung carcinoma. alpha-Actinin-4 interacts with a variety of proteins, including the ring finger protein BERP, the PDZ-LIM protein CLP-36, the hemidesmosomal and cell-cell contact protein BP180, and the tight junction protein MAGI-1. Moreover, alpha-actinin-4 forms a ternary complex with Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and densin-180, a protein of postsynaptic densities in CNS neurons. Ca2+-dependent association of alpha-actinin-4 with E3KARP is required for Ca2+-dependent inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3).

Catalog Number: (102979-962)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: LYVE-1 has been identified as a major receptor for HA (extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan) on the lymph vessel wall. Like CD44, the LYVE-1 molecule binds both soluble and immobilized HA. However, unlike CD44, the LYVE-1 molecule colocalizes with HA on the luminal face of the lymph vessel wall and is completely absent from blood vessels. Hence, LYVE-1 is the first lymph-specific HA receptor to be characterized and is a uniquely powerful marker for lymph vessels themselves.

Catalog Number: (102978-634)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Caspase-11 not only activates caspase-1, that is required for the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), but also activates caspase-3, leading to cellular apoptosis under pathological conditions. In most cells, caspase-11 is only expressed upon induction with pro-inflammatory stimuli. Caspase-11 is an essential mediator of endotoxic shock and caspase-11-deficient mice are resistant to endotoxic shock. LPS-induced caspase-11 regulates lymphocyte apoptosis by activating both caspase-3 and caspase-7.

Catalog Number: (102978-630)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Procaspase-8 belongs to the family of caspases. Binding of FasL to Fas leads to formation of a receptor complex at the cellular membrane, which was named DISC. The DISC consists of oligomerized receptors, the DD-containing adaptor molecule FADD, procaspase-8, procaspase-10 and c-FLIP. The DISC structure provides a platform for the oligomerization of procaspase-8 that allows two procaspase-8 homodimers to be in the close proximity leading to the initial activation of procaspase-8. At the first cleavage step, the N-terminal p43/p41 and the C-terminal p30 cleavage products are generated. Importantly, these cleavage products already possess catalytic activity. At the second cleavage step, p43/p41 and p30 are processed to p10 and p20, respectively, which leads to the generation of the active caspase-8 heterotetramer (p20/p10)2.

Catalog Number: (102978-632)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Procaspase-8 belongs to the family of caspases. Binding of FasL to Fas leads to formation of a receptor complex at the cellular membrane, which was named DISC. The DISC consists of oligomerized receptors, the DD-containing adaptor molecule FADD, procaspase-8, procaspase-10 and c-FLIP. The DISC structure provides a platform for the oligomerization of procaspase-8 that allows two procaspase-8 homodimers to be in the close proximity leading to the initial activation of procaspase-8. At the first cleavage step, the N-terminal p43/p41 and the C-terminal p30 cleavage products are generated. Importantly, these cleavage products already possess catalytic activity. At the second cleavage step, p43/p41 and p30 are processed to p10 and p20, respectively, which leads to the generation of the active caspase-8 heterotetramer (p20/p10)2.

Catalog Number: (102981-710)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in lipid peroxidation inside the living bodies, and membrane lipids are one of the major targets of ROS. During the peroxidation process, a variery of aldehydes are formed. 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is an alpha, beta unsaturated aldehyde that can be formed by peroxidation of omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Especially, 4-HNE formed inside living body is reported to originate from phospholipid-bound arachidonic acid. 4-HNE may be one of the most reliable biomarker of lipid peroxidation.

Catalog Number: (102981-756)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human CD11c (alpha X integrin) complexes with CD18 (beta 2 integrin) to form the complement receptor type 4 (CR4) heterodimer which binds to fibrinogen and is involved with monocyte/granulocyte adhesion during inflammatory responses. CD11c expression is restricted to leukocytes mainly of myeloid lineage with highest expression on macrophages.

Catalog Number: (102981-706)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a modified base that occurs in DNA due to attack by hydroxyl radicals (incl. singlet oxygen and direct photodynamic action) that are formed as byproducts and intermediates of aerobic metabolism and during oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence to support the involvement of free radical reactions in the damage of biomolecules that eventually lead to several diseases in humans, such as atherosclerosis, cerebral and heart ischemia-reperfusion injury, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, diabetes, aging, and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease. 8-OHdG is popular as a sensitive, stable and integral marker of oxidative damage in cellular DNA and can be detected in tissue, serum, urine and other biomaterials.

Catalog Number: (102981-716)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Methylglyoxal (MG), an endogenous metabolite that increases in diabetes and is a common intermediate in the Maillard reaction (glycation), reacts with proteins and forms advanced glycation end products (AGE). MG reacts with arginine residue in protein and forms numerous numbers of adducts, such as argpyrimidine.

Catalog Number: (102513-150)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human CD165 is a cell surface molecule present on a subset of peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes and is important for adhesion of thymocytes to thymic epithelial cells.

Catalog Number: (102513-074)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human CD152 (CTLA-4) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed at low levels on activated T cells. CD152 is a high affinity receptor for the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) and appears to function as a negative regulator of T cell activation.