You Searched For: ADIPOGEN CORP MS

Catalog Number: (102981-408)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: In recent years several groups have studied the sequence requirements, specificity, signaling pathways and kinetics of the TLR (Toll-like receptor) 9 suppression by inhibitory oligonucleotide motifs, which led to a class of novel inhibitory oligonucleotide (iODNs), that is independent of the previously thought species preference. Subsequently it has been discovered that telomeric DNA repeats (TTAGGG)n can block immune activation by CpG-ODNs. Short, 11-15 base long oligonucleotides were synthesized that were capable of potently inhibiting CpG-stimulation. The optimal inhibitory DNA motif consists of a pyrimidine-rich triplet, preferably CCT, which is positioned 5- to the GGG sequence in a singlestranded DNA molecule. Additionally, both the optimal spacing between the CCT and GGG motifs, as well as their relative order to each other, is of crucial importance for the inhibitory DNA action. Interestingly, although both TLR7/TLR8 ligands and bacterial DNA share the endosomal compartment for receptor binding and signal transduction, certain iODNs (G-type) suppress only TLR9-mediated activation, whereas prototype class I iODN may also interfere with the activation via the TLR7/TLR8 pathway. Recently, intriguing evidence has been presented that for some iODN classes the immuno-modulatory biological activity shows only limited sequence dependency or may not even involve TLR-mediated uptake and signaling pathways. For example iODNs of the class II are thought to act on immune activation through inhibition of STAT signaling and independent of TLR signaling via binding to a yet to be identified 'ODN-receptor'. Slightly modified phosphodiester versions of the most potent inhibitory ODNs were also able to profoundly block the immune activation of macrophages and just recently prove to be valuable tools for in vivo use in experimental animal models of inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. Based upon these recent insights the following classification for iODNs has been suggested: Class I: G-stretch ODNs: TLR9-specific competitors, some iODNs may also affect TLR7 and TLR8 signalingClass II: ODNs with telomeric repeats: TLR-independent inhibitors of STAT signaling (cellular uptake via an 'ODN receptor'?)Class III: Inhibitors of DNA uptake in a sequence independent mannerClass IV: Long phosphorothioate ODNs as direct competitors of TLR9 signaling in a sequence independent manner

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Toxic sesquiterpenoid. Exhibits expectorant and antitussive effect. Reported to increase blood pressure. Antifungal compound.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: 5(6)-TRITC is spectrally similar to TAMRA. The isothiocyanate reactive group reacts with primary or secondary amines to form a thiourea bond linkage.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Synthetic compound equivalent to the ethylene 1,2-dipole. Dienophile used for Diels-Alder reactions and useful synthon for neutral homologation of ketones. Used in the preparation of alpha,alpha-disubstituted alpha-amino acid derivatives.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Betatrophin (RIFL; Lipasin; Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8)) is a newly discovered secreted protein of 198 aa that was proposed to promote beta cell proliferation and improve glucose tolerance in mice. Betatrophin may also function in inhibition of lipase activity and on serum triglyceride regulation. Betatrophin is expressed in the liver and in white and brown adipose tissue of mice. In humans, betatrophin is found to be predominantly expressed in the liver. Betatrophin levels are reduced by fasting and are elevated upon insulin resistance and during pregnancy. Betatrophin, according to preliminary data could bind to the macrophage receptor Marco and also to RTN4R, a neuronal receptor. Recently, a study using ANGPTL8 KO mice showed that ANGPTL8/Betatrophin does not play a role in beta cell proliferation nor in glycemic control as previously thought, but regulates plasma triglyceride levels.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: N-(3-Oxohexanoyl)-DL-homoserine lactone is a small diffusible signaling molecule and is a member of N-acyl-homoserine lactone family. N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHL) are involved in quorum sensing, controlling gene expression, and cellular metabolism. The diverse applications of this kind of molecule include regulation of virulence in general, infection prevention, and formation of biofilms.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Cell permeable, competitive, non-specific cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Increases cAMP levels that activate PKA, leading to decreased proliferation, increased differentiation and induction of apoptosis. Enhances differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist. Inhibits Ca2+ ion channels. Activates TNF-alpha. Adipogenic. Activates leukotriene synthesis. Reduces inflammation and innate immunity.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Roscovitine-related purine with no activity on CDKs (used as control for roscovitine). Selectively and potently increases production of extracellular Abeta42 and decreases production of extracellular Abeta38 in cultured cells. Extracellular Abeta40 levels remain stable. Intracellular levels of these amyloids appear to remain stable. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) accelerator that interacts with VDAC1, prohibitin and mitofilin, possibly interfering with subcellular compartmentalization and lipid rafts properties, shifting gamma-secretase activity toward Abeta42 generation. Induces a reversible mitochondrial phenotype reminiscent of the one observed in AD brains. Tool to detect inhibitors of Aftin-induced actions (potential anti-AD compounds). Binds pyridoxal kinase.

Catalog Number: (102991-276)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: CD14/TLR4 antagonist. Inhibitor of sterile inflammation. Synthetic TLR4/CD14 ligand with TLR4 modulating activities in vitro, and conferring protection against TLR4/CD14-mediated tissue damage and inflammation in vivo. Useful to explore CD14- dependent and TLR4-independent pathways and TLR4 activation by endogenous ligands (e.g. hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides, oxLDL, HMGB1) in sterile inflammation. Shown to inhibit neuropathic pain, secondary necrosis of acute drug-induced liver failure and vascular inflammation, and abdominal aortic aneurysm by blocking non-hematopoietic TLR4 signaling. Useful tool, where inhibition of sterile (auto-) inflammation is desired, without compromising TLR4’s key role in the defense of pathogens.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4; RBP) is a 21kDa secreted protein, a member of the lipocalin family and is known as the primary transporter of retinol (vitamin A) to tissues. A recent report revealed RBP4 as an adipokine linking glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) suppression in adipose tissue to insulin. Elevated human and mouse serum RBP4 levels are associated with insulin resistance and its severity, obesity, and certain components of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, human serum RBP4 levels are closely related to renal function.

Catalog Number: (102981-484)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Human CD137 (4-1BB) is a costimulatory molecule of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. The glycoprotein 4-1BB is expressed mainly on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and binds to a high-affinity ligand (4-1BBL) expressed on several antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and activated B cells. Upon ligand binding, 4-1BB is associated with the tumor receptor-associated factors (TRAF), the adaptor protein and mediates downstream signaling events including the activation of NF-kappaB and cytokine production. 4-1BB signaling either by binding to 4-1BBL or by antibody ligation delivers signals for T cell activation and growth as well as monocyte proliferation and B cell survival, and plays a important role in the amplification of T cell-mediated immune responses. In contrast, it can also enhance activation-induced T cell apoptosis when triggered by engagement of the TCR/CD3 complex. In addition, the 4-1BB/4-1BBL costimulatory pathway has been shown to augment secondary CTL responses to several viruses and increase antitumor immunity. 4-1BB is therefore a promising candidate for immunotherapy of human cancer.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Building block for synthesis.

Catalog Number: (102981-536)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: CD279 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 1; PD-1) is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 family of immunoreceptors that mediate signals for regulating immune responses. Members of the CD28/CTLA-4 family have been shown to either promote T cell activation (CD28 and ICOS) or downregulate T cell activation (CTLA-4 and PD-1). CD279 is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, myeloid cells and on a subset of thymocytes. In vitro, ligation of CD279 inhibits TCR-mediated T cell proliferation and production of IL-1, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma. In addition, CD279 ligation also inhibits BCR mediated signaling. CD279 deficient mice have a defect in peripheral tolerance and spontaneously develop autoimmune diseases.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: Wide range of tyrosine and serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor, including Syk, p56lck, PKA, PKC, MLCK, CDPK, JNK and PI3K. Inhibits the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5. Potent apoptosis inducer. Potent anticancer compound. Suppresses NF-kB activation through IkBalpha kinase inhibition. Activator of human deacetylase SIRT1 (sirtuin 1). Potent antioxidant with anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. Neuoprotective. Adipogenesis inhibitor. Promotes glucose uptake, AMPK phosphorylation and GLUT4 translocation. Autophagy inducer

Catalog Number: (102981-534)

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: CD278, also called inducible costimulator (ICOS) or CRP1 (CD28-related protein-1), is a member of the growing CD28 family of immune costimulatory receptors. Other family members are CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-1. ICOS is expressed on most CD45RO+ cells. ICOS expression is upregulated within approximately 24-48 hours of activation on Th primed cells. B7-H2, a member of the B7 family of costimulatory ligands, has been identified as the ICOS ligand. The B7-H2/ICOS interaction appears to play roles in T cell dependent B cell activation and Th differentiation.

Supplier: Adipogen

Description: A succinimide with anti-epileptic and anti-convulsant properties. The mechanisms of action are unknown and possibly multiple. Metabolically reduced to it's pharmacologically active metabolite N-desmethylmethosuximide.